Acciaio: previsti 28 milioni di tonnellate di nuova capacità nel Mediterraneo

Veröffentlichte die 03/07/2025
Acciaio: previsti 28 milioni di tonnellate di nuova capacità nel Mediterraneo

Un'area con criticità ma con grandi possibilità di crescita. Questo il quadro emerso al convegno "Acciaio europeo: il Mediterraneo torna protagonista", organizzato da siderweb in collaborazione con Sideralba
 
Il Mediterraneo si conferma crocevia di investimenti e sviluppo per il comparto siderurgico: 16 Paesi produttori primari di acciaio e un output che nel 2024 è stato pari a poco più di 100 milioni di tonnellate, superiore a quello degli Stati Uniti. Il ruolo centrale dell’area viene confermato dal numero degli investimenti annunciati che renderanno il Mediterraneo teatro di un grosso processo di sviluppo e di rinnovamento della propria siderurgia. 

Negli Stati dell'area ci sono una quarantina di impianti che si affacciano direttamente sul mar Mediterraneo, con una capacità produttiva complessiva di poco superiore ai 90 milioni di tonnellate. «Uno dei dati più interessanti – ha rilevato Stefano Ferrari (Responsabile dell’Ufficio Studi di siderweb) – è relativo al numero degli investimenti annunciati: sono in corso di progettazione o realizzazione sei impianti greenfield e sei impianti brownfield, per una capacità produttiva di circa 28 milioni di tonnellate». Per quanto riguarda il commercio estero di acciaio, il Mediterraneo è centrale per l'Italia, con il 20% dell'import tricolore che proviene da Paesi che si affacciano su questo mare ed il 27% dell'export che è destinato nei medesimi Stati. «Il Mediterraneo presenta alcuni evidenti elementi di criticità – ha concluso Ferrari –, legati all'eterogeneità politico-economica, alle incertezze geopolitiche e ai conflitti in corso. Di contro, la numerosità della popolazione, gli spazi di crescita economica presenti e la demografia di alcuni dei Paesi esaminati delineano forti possibilità di sviluppo futuro per l'acciaio e potrebbero contribuire anche alla crescita dell'acciaio "Made in Italy"».

Paolo Morandi (Ceo di siderweb) ha evidenziato la necessità di identificare le sfide e le opportunità per la siderurgia europea, sottolineando in questo senso la centralità del Mediterraneo per il futuro del settore in quanto area che «rappresenta da sempre un crocevia commerciale tra Europa, Africa e Asia».

In questa macroarea mediterranea sono necessari «progetti mirati per il ripristino e la creazione di capacità produttiva. Pertanto, investimenti come quelli avviati da Marcegaglia in Francia e da Metinvest a Piombino, oltre al rilancio e alla modernizzazione dell’ex Ilva di Taranto, sono esempi virtuosi dell’attenzione che la siderurgia sta dedicando al Mar Mediterraneo», ha sottolineato Luigi Rapullino, Ceo di Gruppo Rapullino e Sideralba. «Il comparto oggi sta fronteggiando l’incertezza derivante dalle guerre, dalla prossima entrata in vigore del Cbam, dai costi dell’energia tra i più elevati rispetto al resto d’Europa, dalla sovraccapacità globale. Sfide che chiedono agli imprenditori del settore di guardare con lungimiranza e di dimostrare, ancora una volta, quanto la siderurgia italiana sia in grado di adattarsi e innovare. Però, per continuare in questa direzione, serve la politica che, oltre che sulla produzione, deve ragionare anche sulla concorrenza a basso costo dei Paesi terzi e salvaguardare anche il settore della distribuzione e del commercio», conclude Rapullino.

Durante la tavola rotonda, Antonio Marcegaglia, presidente e Ceo di Marcegaglia Steel, ha dichiarato: «Considerando che i consumi, in Europa, ma anche in tutte le economie avanzate, sono strutturalmente in diminuzione, nel primo semestre di quest'anno la domanda non è stata certamente brillante, ma ha tenuto se guardiamo allo stesso periodo dell’anno scorso. Credo di poter dire che abbiamo anche una percezione più negativa rispetto alla realtà. Io non sono così pessimista: alla luce di una probabile normalizzazione del quadro geopolitico, dei dazi, nonché dell’impatto sulle importazioni derivante dalle quote di Salvaguardia e dalla Cbam, a partire dal quarto trimestre prevedo un recupero della domanda apparente e anche dei prezzi e, quindi, della marginalità. Questo recupero potrà consolidarsi nel 2026, anche grazie alla messa a terra dei progetti del Pnrr. Non dimentichiamo, infine, che il nostro Paese sta performando meglio di altri, a partire da Germania e Francia, e ha un tessuto imprenditoriale resiliente e capace di adattarsi direi quasi all’istante».

Riccardo Maria Monti, presidente di Gruppo Triboo, ha dichiarato l’interesse del Gruppo Jindal verso il siderurgico tarantino, in particolare «dopo la realizzazione del proprio progetto in Oman e dal bisogno del gruppo di avere un punto di sbocco per l’Italia, l’Europa e il Mediterraneo». Per la siderurgia italiana e l’area mediterranea sarà fondamentale «creare una filiera integrata che tenga conto di tutti gli attori presenti ed emergenti, come Libia, Turchia, Egitto e la nuova Siria. Il mar Mediterraneo rappresenta il futuro della nuova filiera globale dell’acciaio, caratterizzata da catene del valore più corte rispetto al passato, e l’Italia sarà centrale per la sua straordinaria capacità di competere». Questi fattori – ha concluso Monti – «spiegano il grande interesse di Jindal, anche se adesso c’è una altro attore prioritario nella trattativa».

Roberto Re, Ceo degli asset produttivi di Metinvest in Italia, ha evidenziato la centralità di Piombino nel panorama degli investimenti del Mediterraneo. Re ha dichiarato: «L'idea di investire in un impianto di produzione di coils nasce nel 2018, ma ha subito un'accelerazione in seguito all’aggressione russa e alla distruzione della capacità produttiva del gruppo. Metinvest si è trovata nella condizione di dover investire e di riprendersi quei mercati nel quale eravamo attori protagonisti». Perciò, per la sua posizione e «la sua storia siderurgica, la decisione di investire in Italia è stata naturale, in particolare in una zona con un know-how di un certo livello come Piombino», ha continuato Re. Il progetto si trova dunque «in una fase avanzata, è già stato ingegnerizzato e il 23 maggio scorso abbiamo raggiunto l’accordo di programma con le istituzioni. Questo ci permetterà di potare a termine un investimento da circa 2,5 miliardi di euro che sarà in grado di produrre attorno ai 2,7 milioni di tonnellate di coils a caldo, con l'obiettivo di avviare la prima produzione a fine del 2028». Il mercato di riferimento della nuova acciaieria sarà pertanto «quello italiano e quello del bacino del Mediterraneo, accelerando un progetto che utilizzerà rottami ferrosi e Dri e sarà anche predisposto all’utilizzo dell’idrogeno green».

Giancarlo Quaranta, commissario di Acciaierie d’Italia in A.S., ha sottolineato come il punto di svolta per il futuro siderurgico tarantino sia l’accordo di programma. «In questa fase – ha detto – non è possibile entrare nel merito della trattativa di vendita per motivi di riservatezza, ma una delle condizioni indicate da tutti i partecipanti al bando di gara è il rilascio dell’AIA, rispetto al quale l’accordo di programma è propedeutico. La decarbonizzazione del sito ha assunto un ruolo determinante e condiviso da tutti i soggetti coinvolti. Si è consapevoli che una transizione ecologica così radicale richiederà il tempo necessario all’approvvigionamento e all’installazione delle necessarie unità produttive, che gradualmente porteranno alla fermata degli impianti attuali. Parallelamente sarà indispensabile ricorrere al riassetto della politica di approvvigionamento energetico e delle materie prime essenziali al nuovo processo produttivo, sostituendo il minerale di ferro col DRI».


Weitere Informationen: Siderweb

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